10 Sep 2024
This is a list of useful commands that can be used while developing for arduino with rust or c++. Most of the command come from this video.
To demonstrate how the commands work, I have compiled the hello world of embeded programming (onboard led blinking) obtained with the cargo generate --git https://github.com/Rahix/avr-hal-template.git command.
Determine type of files. This command print out useful information about a file.
❯ file ./target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf
./target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Atmel AVR 8-bit, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, with debug_info, not stripped
Display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii.
Note here that we pipe the output of the hd command to head. This will print only the first line.
❯ hd ./target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf | head -n 1
Display information from object <file(s)>.
Note that in our case, since we are working with avr file we should use avr-objdump instead.
❯ avr-objdump -d target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf
target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf: file format elf32-avr
Disassembly of section .text:
00000000 <__vectors>:
0: 0c 94 34 00 jmp 0x68 ; 0x68 <__ctors_end>
4: 0c 94 46 00 jmp 0x8c ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
8: 0c 94 46 00 jmp 0x8c ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
c: 0c 94 46 00 jmp 0x8c ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
10: 0c 94 46 00 jmp 0x8c ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
Display information about dynamic linking.
Display information about the contents of ELF format files
❯ readelf -h target/avr-atmega328p/release/hello_world.elf
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x0
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 42560 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5, avr:5
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 3
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 15
Section header string table index: 12