Useful Command For Arduino Development

10 Sep 2024

This is a list of useful commands that can be used while developing for arduino with rust or c++. Most of the command come from this video.

To demonstrate how the commands work, I have compiled the hello world of embeded programming (onboard led blinking) obtained with the cargo generate --git https://github.com/Rahix/avr-hal-template.git command.

file

Determine type of files. This command print out useful information about a file.

❯  file ./target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf
./target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Atmel AVR 8-bit, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, with debug_info, not stripped

hd

Display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii.

Note here that we pipe the output of the hd command to head. This will print only the first line.

❯  hd ./target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf | head -n 1

objdump

Display information from object <file(s)>.

Note that in our case, since we are working with avr file we should use avr-objdump instead.

❯ avr-objdump -d target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf

target/avr-atmega328p/debug/hello_world.elf:     file format elf32-avr


Disassembly of section .text:

00000000 <__vectors>:
   0:   0c 94 34 00     jmp     0x68    ; 0x68 <__ctors_end>
   4:   0c 94 46 00     jmp     0x8c    ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
   8:   0c 94 46 00     jmp     0x8c    ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
   c:   0c 94 46 00     jmp     0x8c    ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>
  10:   0c 94 46 00     jmp     0x8c    ; 0x8c <__bad_interrupt>

ldd

Display information about dynamic linking.

readelf

Display information about the contents of ELF format files

❯ readelf -h target/avr-atmega328p/release/hello_world.elf
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
  Machine:                           Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          52 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          42560 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x5, avr:5
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           32 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         3
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         15
  Section header string table index: 12

 